فصلنامه مطالعات فرهنگ - ارتباطات
پیاپی 57 (بهار 1401)

intercultural thinking is a response to egocentrism in contemporary world that appeared as west orienting, racism and Takfir. The main question of these studies is how self and other communicate to self-knowledge alternates anti-other. We are seeking qur’anic intercultural communication model through comparative study by responding five question: why, who, where, what and how. After analyzing anthropological thoughts of three Geo-Epistemological fields, intercultural communication opinions of thinkers such as Mead and Gudykanst in Anglo-American field, Strauss and Carbaugh in French field and Herder and Wimmer in Germanic field explained in the form of three intercultural communication models: accommodation, cooperation and polylog. Qur’anic model, in return, explained by The thirteenth verse of Surah of hojorat. This verse relate virtue to cultural differences through taarof (knowing each other’s) to alternates contempt by respect. This model can name Ta’arof taht means acquaintance each other’s. at the end these four models compared and evaluated.

Every country prefers to be a producer and exporter in any industry rather than being a pure importer. Actually, it is not about preference, it is about social and economical necessity to cultural industries. The mobile gaming industry as one of the entertainment industries has grown economically as well as in popularity all over the world in the last ten years. It is economically and socially necessary for Iranian mobile gaming companies to enter the global market as well. For this aim at first, we need to identify and analyze its current state. In order to archive this goal 14 experts including policy makers, researchers, mobile gaming activists, managers and media managers were being interviewed in this qualitative content analysis research. After three coding steps, 21 themes about status of Iran gaming industry were extracted from 450 raw codes and analyzed by SWOT technique. As a conclusion, four fields of strengths (such as high capacity of internal market, low costs of production and learning, …), weaknesses (including human resource management, science management, investment, …), opportunities (such as being more powerful than the other local competitors, strong cultural relationships with other local countries, …) and threats (including hard competition in the global market, sanctions set against Iran economy, …) identified and analyzed by SWOT matrix. The government should take on the role of policy maker in the game industry and lead it to international markets in order to get rid of the single-product economy, in partnership with the private sector.

The issue of impact on the audience or the communicatee is one of the most fundamental issues in the science of culture and communication. The emergence of internet and social media according to its interrelated and multi aspect nature, not only has the doubled importance of understanding of audience but also has complicated the process of attracting the audience. The contest for catching audience has reached to a level that there are numerous options for the audience to choose. the decision of audience for joining a group or channel (the initial attraction) and being determined to continue the participation (maintenance) are the essential terms of influencing the audience. However, a short review on the ecology of social media, revels the serious weakness of cultural and religious groups and channels for attracting and maintaining the audience. This research, by referring to the study of successful persian channels in telegram, seeks to find out which policies are recommended for cultural and religious actors in atracting audiences.To answer this question, the semi-structured interviews with the audience of successful telegram channels were conducted and by using thematic analysis method, twenty-two recommendations were presented as the policies of attracting audience. The most important and frequent suggestions are the trust of users in the channel and its messages, time management of sending messages, diversity in the forms of message dissemination, diversity and comprehensiveness in the content of messages and observance of brevity in the submitted content.

News is the main article of mass communication, one of the main needs of the audience and is at the top of media productions. This study examines and compares the tendencies of three generations of young people in Tehran using the quasi-panel method of the past, using the principle of not changing the tendency of different generations of audiences to obtain news. The statistical population is 15 to 24 years old youth in Tehran in the 90s, 80s and 70s, which was compared with a questionnaire of 401 samples, data collection and the results of the tendency of all three generations to obtain news separately. The variables studied are perception of benefit, perception of ease and adaptability, variables affecting the media that publishes the news, satisfaction with other areas of life and the habit of acquiring news.According to the results, the tendency of young people to acquire news has changed and a significant relationship has been confirmed between the components of perceiving the benefit of acquiring news, perceiving ease of acquiring news, perceiving adaptation to acquiring news, mental norms of acquiring news and controlled behavioral perception with tendency to acquire news.Also, the tendency to get news has a significant relationship with satisfaction with other aspects of the life of the first generation, but this significance has not been confirmed in the second and third generations

In the 2013 elections, for the second time, debates were held in which controversial criticism was raised; Therefore, the present study examines the political-media waves created by the debates in this election. Each debate has a special impact on the news media, and the present study uses quantitative and qualitative content analysis to categorize the news from each debate, taking into account criteria such as the amount of news coverage, the time distribution of coverage in several different media; The issues raised in the newspapers were classified as political waves. Political waves, following Wolfsfeld in the theoretical model of politics-media-politics, first begin in the political environment (here the same arena of debate), are formed in the media with extensive coverage and storytelling, and while inflamed in the political space, with reaction and Changes in the political environment are being pursued. In the analysis of the detected waves, this logic was considered so that the waves could be examined more deeply. In this election period, the reflection of all the debates was followed separately in 14 newspapers from two factions; The election sparked "protests over the way debates were held," "security space," and "political challenges."

As the mainstream media in the country, in order not to lag behind the competing media in the field of news and information, Sada-e Azadi news agency must use all the capacities of the day in the world, including virtual social networks. Therefore, it seems necessary to know how competing news media operate in this field. In this study, while comparing the Instagram of the Radio News Agency and the BBC Farsi, an attempt was made to identify the relationship between the interaction of users and the payment of news subjects on Instagram of these two news organizations. To achieve this important goal, the researcher purposefully identified the same news subjects in the period of 9 months from autumn 1998 to spring 1999 and selected a total of 180 posts and analyzed them using quantitative content analysis method. The most important findings of this study indicate that the Radio News Agency has ceded the field to its competitor in the number of daily posts, but there is no slight difference between them in the way of using news elements and the way of using them. In BBC Farsi, there is a significant relationship between the use of the combined news value of reputation / encounter, political news subjects and political videos and the level of user interaction in the likes and comments components. On the other hand, the news values ​​of encounter / inclusion and Reputation / attitude are significantly different from other components.

The purpose of this study was to modeling the organizational factors Affecting (Job Conflict and Toxic Leadership) on cyberloafing. Methodology of the research in terms of the main strategy, was quantitative and in terms of analytical, was descriptive. The statistical population of this study included all staff of Universities affiliated with the Ministry of Science at four levels of international, national, regional and local levels of performance across the country. The research data were collected from 430 staff members who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The sample size according to the Kregci-Morgan model and with error α = 0/05, was considered 430 persons. To collect data CyberLoafing Questionnaire of Bella et al (2006), Job Conflict Questionnaire of DuBrin (2008) and Toxic Leadership Questionnaire of Schmidet and Hanges (2008) was used. Validity of the tools was confirmed by the professors of education and psychology. Data were analyzed by artificial neural network approach with multilayer perceptron (MPL) method. The results The results showed modeling the organizational factors affecting on cyber loafing has an input layer with seven units and a hidden layer with three unit and the artificial neural network is well able to predict the jumps and the process of cyber loafing of academic staff based on organizational factors of job conflict and toxic leadership. Given the significant effect of organizational factors on employees' cyber loafing, it is necessary to pay attention to these components and their effects on organization human resource behavior and preventing the occurrence of cyberloafing.

The government confrontation with the category of cinema should be freedom-oriented and after producing and supplying films. But in Iran, since the victory of the islamic revolution, there has been censorship of cinematic works, which in the present study, its types in the law have been criticized, and rather than religious censorship, which requires an independent article; three main types of censorships, namely "moral, political, and socio-cultural", have been identified and analyzed in the acts, regulations of the Council of Ministers and the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution, and in the practical procedure of the Ministry of Culture. The result of the research shows that the diversity and multiplicity of Censorship cases, which, in addition to the diversity and multiplicity of acts and regulations, which is the point of criticism, in the practical procedure, has gone beyond and fatter than the text of laws and regulations, and finally has expanded the censorship open menu in Iran.This is to the extent that the issues such as "violence and escape of justice" in the moral censorship basket; "Criticism of police and government policies", in the list of political censorships; and "presenting an inappropriate image of Iranian culture and civilization, being social and bitter, a critical view of the culture of the weak and even vasectomy", is included in the socio-cultural censorship list, in which, some movies can be named as: "Father's House (Khaneye Pedari)”, "Sinners (Gonahkaran)", "in the color of Purple" "I'm Not Angry", "Haji Washington," Banoo" and "fire worker (Atashkar)".

The present article tries to investigate the effect of founders of sociological thoughts) Karl Marx, Max Weber &Emile Durkheim) on Ali Shariati’s ideas. It also wants to clarify the criticisms of Ali Shariati on above-mentioned masters.Documentary method and qualitative content analysis have been used as scientific methods to categorize Shariati’s references to founders of sociology. These categories can be recognized as: Marx and religion, Marx and justice, Marx and alienation, Marx and the ignorance of colonization, Marx and Asian production method, Durkheim and the features of new centuries, Durkheim and the definition of religion, Durkheim and religion as the expression of Society spirit, Weber and Protestantism. The findings of this study show that there is a dynamic, symmetrical and mutual relationship between Ali Shariati’s ideas and sociology founders’ thoughts. Ali Shariati has not only accepted sociology founders’ ideas in many cases but also has criticized them in many places.

Social sculpture is a Social action of art in which thought, dialogue plays a vital role. The term social sculpture was first coined by German artist and politician Joseph Beuys. The present study aimed to study the functions of social sculpture as a social art. In this study, Joseph Beuys's most important ideas about social sculpture and the emergence of social art in the postmodern period were also mentioned. The research was descriptive-analytical and theoretical in nature by means of the descriptive-analytical method and essential information was obtained through the library, interview and referral to relevant and valid online databases. The findings showed that the concept of social sculpture provided a new type of art that was a link between art and social training. This artistic genre has gone so far today, social sculpture, activism and social action are in the form of art. Many artists, through their social sculptures, raise the level of public awareness of the community and improve social conditions.

Death is a social phenomenon studied by social scientists from different aspects. Meanwhile, in addition to demographic aspect,unexpected deaths,caused by accidents, drowning, fire, etc…, have consequent social and cultural aspects that have not received so much attention. Every day,many citizens are faced with unexpected deaths that bring about particular mental and social effects on the bereaved people.The present research aims to discover the process of the bereaved people’s deconstruction after a loved one’s death.To understand the process by applying a qualitative approach and the grounded theory method,we tried to discover and construct the bereaved people’s deconstruction.Data were gathered by theoretical sampling and deep interviews.The respondents were those bereaved people who experienced unexpected deaths of their loved ones in the traditional religious context of Yazd.The data were carefully analyzed using the processes of open coding, axial coding and selective coding.Then, the table of concepts and paradigmatic model were presented.The results reflect the fact that in facing with loss,people construct it mentally and socially,but over time,they try to revise their mourning face and gradually complete the process of their deconstruction by different strategies such as emotion regulation,mutual blame,and supportive expectations.

The development of cultural relations among various countries, cultural structures, identities and values of the Iranian society has also changed, and in this passage, a certain type of identity known in the world as bricolage and fluid identity is emerging among young people and adolescents, this identity that has a hybrid nature has merged elements of Islamic, Iranian, and modern identity, and has unique intellectual and behavioral trends based on the selection of multiple elements.The present study was conducted to survey the status and effective factors of bricolage identity in adolescents and youths of Karaj city by survey method. Data were collected by a questionnaire from a sample of391 people using multistage cluster sampling from youth and adolescents in Karaj city has been collected in 1397. The validity of the questionnaire was based on the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and its reliability based on expert opinions. Research findings show that bricolage identity varies according to gender and education, and there is a positive and significant correlation between the desire to beautify the body, exuberant use, luxurious leisure style and leisure style with the identity of bricolage. Also, based on the results of logistic regression analysis, the desire to beautify the body, luxurious leisure style has a positive and direct effect and a leisurely style of hangover has had a negative and indirect effect on the identity of the bricolage.

Celebrity culture is one of the basic concepts for understanding actions in the context of social media. Social media has a special ability to create celebrity culture. Among these, Instagram is of interest to researchers due to its image-oriented nature and the creation of an interactive space for users and celebrities. The purpose of this study, on the one hand, is to examine the celebrity culture and its consequences, and on the other hand, to examine the extent to which users or audiences follow the personal pages of celebrities. In this research, survey method and questionnaire technique are used to collect data. In the theoretical section, "Celebrity Culture Approach", "Celebrification and Celebritization Approach", "Celebrity Ecology Approach", "Celebrity Private and Public Space Approach" and "Psychological Approach to Advocacy and Celebrity" are discussed. Findings show that about 20% of Instagram users follow news and celebrity pages. The pages of domestic celebrity actors, singers and athletes are followed more than any other celebrity group. As a result, about a third of users follow the personal pages of actors and celebrity singers, and about a quarter of users follow the personal pages of athletes.‌ Para-Social Interaction, identification and worship are the three main indicators of tendency to celebrities. Our study shows that approximately 47% of active users in this subject pay attention to celebrities; so that, in addition to the interest in Para-Social Interaction with them, they intellectually follow the values and attitudes of celebrities and behaviorally imitate their celebrity lifestyle.

The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the participation of Instagram users and to examine how these factors relate to participation. The design of this research is an Exploratory- Sequential Mixed Methods Design And has applied purpose. The research approach in the qualitative part is exploratory and in the quantitative part is descriptive survey. The sample of the qualitative section was selected from among communication and sociology experts who were Instagram users using a non-probabilistic method. The statistical population of a small part is Instagram users in Karaj in 2020. Users whose user status on Instagram confirmed their residence in the city of Karaj were identified with the help of an advertising service company on Instagram, and 384 people were selected by probabilistic method and simple random sampling according to the Cochran formula. The tools of data collection and analysis technique in the qualitative stage are semi-structured interview and the technique of thematic analysis and in the quantitative part, is a researcher-made questionnaire and modeling, structural equations through Lisrel software. Findings indicate 3 comprehensive themes and 15 organizing themes and 52 basic themes for the participation variable and 6 organizing themes and 21 basic themes for the factors affecting it. The results showed that political and personal characteristics, media system, cultural characteristics and Instagram characteristics had a positive, direct and significant effect on participation. content characteristics did not have a significant effect on participation.

This research has aimed to determine the relationship between life Satisfaction and sleep quality and hyper real visual signs in porno movies in Telegram using Baudrillard theory (1988). In this theory, hyper real signs in sexual matters are the main points. This research has been done in Razan (Hamadan Province) in 1918-1919 (1397-1398Hijri). The statistical population of this study consisted of two groups of 52 married people. The first group was selected among who were watching and the second group was selected among who were notwatching pornographic films via telegram. They were selected using purposive sampling. For measuring life satisfaction and sleep quality, 14 item Endicott questionnaire (1993) and Pittsburgh questionnaire (1989) were used respectively. The results show that there was a significant difference at 5% error level between the hyper real visual signs in porno movies in telegram and sleep quality. Findings of the study indicate that the quality of sleep of people who were watching pornography was significantly lower than those who did not watch porn. Significant differences were found at 5% error level for life satisfaction and watching or not watching porn videos. Findings show that life satisfaction of those who watched pornography was significantly lower than those who did not watch porn. The results also showed that there is a significant positive relationship between life satisfaction and sleep quality at 1% error level.